Found inside – Page 411an were a a An independent source of data that supports the notion of year - round settlement on the outer Cape from at least the Late Woodland onward is ... Found inside – Page 188This is not the case for the Gulf of Maine cod stocks, which appear to have experienced both a progressive shift toward increasing mean length and ... Found inside – Page 154Optimal exploitation The MSFOR model can be used to indicate , e.g. the optimal exploitation level of cod in the central ... mean of age 4-7 The discrepancy between the singlespecies and the multispecies forecasts is the result of the fact that ... Found inside – Page 4English trawlers land mainly immature cod, i.e. cod seven or less years of age. ... The fact that mortality within the various fisheries is about 60-70% annually does not necessarily mean that it is as high as this ... More correctly the time of transition from being unexploited to being exploited is most likely to occur at the time of ... Found inside – Page 86One of the most well-known examples is the collapse of the cod fisheries on ... half of fish stocks are fully exploited, meaning that any expansion would ... Found inside – Page 141Cod length at maturation was more than 10% greater for the OHC method ... The Atlantic cod has an extensive history of exploitation, and there is a growing ... Found insideAlso in cod, mean larval specific gravity(larval buoyancy) was negatively correlatedwith ... depths wherethechance for more favorable conditions is greater, ... This study investigates the consequence for future development of stock size, catches, landings and discards of sole and plaice of changing the mesh size of the cod-end from 80mm to 90mm for the Dutch beam trawlers in theTBB 70-99 fleet ... Found inside – Page 66500 400 300 herring Thousand tonnes 200 cod Asprat 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 Year Figure 2 . ... In marine species are found in the Western Baltic and more recent years , cod is a heavily over - exploited species in freshwater species in the ... Cod , herring , and sprat the cod stock must have increased after 1929 in all important fishing areas , because the mean age in the 3 . 1 . Found inside – Page 147In fact, a key assumption behind fisheries management is that exploitation will increase the production-to-biomass ratio of exploited stocks by removing the ... Found inside – Page EG-54After collapse , recovery is possible but over - exploitation is likely to cause a second collapse . The North Sea cod fishery is a example of one that may ... Found inside – Page 2The crest above this shield is an unmistakable cod . ... courts have held that whenever the word " fish " is unqualified , it must be taken to mean cod . Found inside – Page 8The exception is the relatively less-exploited outer Cape Cod region. frequency data by Fair (1977) for the same region and by the same method, Z = 2.15 and A = 88%. Coastwide annual mean estimates of Zgradually increased ... Found inside – Page 28This means that an LPAR does not self-tune during normal operations. Its resource counts are only altered during the start and stop phases of the cluster ... Found inside – Page 76The collapse of the northern cod is a sobering tale of what happens to an ... (where a “contribution” may simply mean restraint from overexploiting). Found inside... at 49; J Wemmers “The Meaning of Justice for Victims” in SG Sholham, ... reports of the Democratic Republic of the Congo CEDAW/C/COD/CO/6–7 (2013) at ... Found inside – Page 61981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 Mean State 1.45 1.58 79 % 1.35 74 % 1.72 82 % 1.66 ... The exception is the relatively less - exploited outer Cape Cod region ... Found inside – Page 424Graham (1938b) gives age-composition data for the cod during the years 1931 to 1936 from which a mean estimate of the total mortality coefficient (F + M) is ... Found inside – Page 178PROBLEMS AND QUESTIONS Definition of Objectives This is no place to ... cod, to what extent should this mean that that pattern of fishing is unacceptable? Found insideDespite removal of the fishing pressure, cod have not recovered.10 Today, ... are fully exploited—meaning that no growth in harvesting is possible. Found inside – Page 148About half of the marine fishing grounds were classified as “ fully exploited , ” meaning that increased fish production from these regions is unattainable ... Found inside – Page 847The annual percent exploitation rate of cod by management area ( 4X , 5Y , 5Z ) is ... Annual factors ranged from 0.02 to 1.00 , meaning that about 100 ... Found inside – Page 341For example, a reduced exploitation of cod would increase the chance of high reproductive success despite a generally low carrying capacity. Found inside – Page 244... to increased exploitation of North Sea plaice, cod and sole (Rijnsdorp etal., 1991). 12.3.3 Genetic structure Because fishing is selective with respect ... Found insideAccessible to ecologists with a basic quantitative background, this incisive book unifies the thinking in ecology and fisheries science and is an indispensable reference for anyone seeking to apply size- and trait-based models to fish ... Found inside – Page 116great rivers are his , as are the lakes and millions of acres of rugged beauty from Cape Cod to the Redwoods . These are not for anyone's private exploitation . This does not mean that they will not be used privately . It means that they will not ... Found inside – Page 25Virtually nothing is, however, known about the consequences of stocking in ... and effective management of stocked marine populations such as Atlantic cod. Found inside – Page 337A compromise could be to fix TACs on the condition that future stock assessments do not reveal fishing mortality or SSB to fall outside a given range . ... bring SSB close to or even below the critical level , and it would seem safer to aim for a somewhat lower level of exploitation . ... Thus , the estimated long - term mean weights of the cod in the catches for Flow and Fmed are 3.5 and 3.0 kg , respectively . Found inside – Page 19Since it is impossible to understand why this might have occurred , I eliminated all ... The long - term mean was defined by a “ supersmoother , " and the ... Found inside – Page 340... whose intensity was mild (mean exploitation rate was 6.5% per year 74.7 SD ... This idea is well illustrated by a study by Douglas Swain on cod (Gadus ... Found inside – Page 1036When this fact is held up against the amount of intercontinental export ... mean and keep the “food miles” down by direct export too final consumer. Found inside – Page 37Mean feeding level , f , of cod , herring and sprat in 1974-1984 estimated on the basis of multispecies model . ... However , such an intensive exploitation of cod would result in a decline of its spawning stock to a level of about 200 thous . tons ... Found inside – Page 80AN ICE WORLD MELTS Ice is fundamental to the entire Arctic food chain: Sea ice is the ... sea stars, arctic cod, seals, walruses,—and polar bears. Found inside – Page 25Growth overfishing is a problem in the exploitation of M. brevicornis ... Mean exploitation rate (E) is about 0.15, while the same measure weighed by the ... Found inside – Page 34( 1991 ) for cod in levels associated with low fishing mortalities ... mean F0.1 : A Reference Point for Fisheries Manage- the catch is illustrated in Fig . Found inside – Page 692Exploiting cod stocks at low rates of fishing is not a strategy which is relevant to climatic variability alone. This is ... then, as often stated during the Symposium the cod is a longlived species, it can only mean that there will be more the next year. Found inside – Page 32The mean technical efficiency is also highest in overexploited villages (86.7per ... for a “regional aquifer management plan” in Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Found inside – Page 188When Materfamilias is deciding whether to purchase chicken or cod to be ... be willing to incur the twofold reproach of being mean and being stuck up, ... Found inside – Page 325This is because it is usually more profitable to leave the fish to grow larger and also ... age of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua in the North Sea in the 1980s . Found inside – Page 565FIGURE 18.14 Schematic presentation of processes stabilizing a cod or sprat ... pattern that includes high exploitation of immature cod (ICES, 2006). Found inside – Page 23This is illustrated using the Mississippi River and the Gulf of Mexico as an ... It estimates that 52% of fish stocks are fully exploited, meaning that the ... Found inside – Page 2... and battered cod , supertankers and sail yachts , requires both definition ... that is , according to the ways in which human societies have exploited ... Found insideOne-fourth of the world's marine fish stocks are over-exploited or depleted. Overexploitation means so many fish are being removed that there is a risk of ... Found inside – Page 69Main fishing fleets and exploitation Throughout the 1970s and the early 1980s ... Landings increased somewhat after 1985 , and the mean fishing mortality ... Found inside – Page 354This does not mean that yields of cod are three times higher in warm than in ... the rate of exploitation that different stocks can sustain (see Chapter 7). Found inside – Page 10In general, European cod, fished by a variety of gear but mainly trawls, have shown increased growth rate, decreased age at maturity, and decreased mean ... Found inside – Page 119( 2004 ) , the preferred temperature range of cod is between 3 and 7 ° C . Lafrance et al . ( 2005 ) experimentally ... This means that even the remnants of once - large stocks can be exploited profitably until exhaustion of stocks . If stocks are to ... Found inside – Page 1070Cod-end mesh size intervals apply for different groups of species, ... 70% of the mean catch per trip, in fish and crustacean trawling respectively. Found inside – Page 24The wild salmon stocks would not have survived the present exploitation rates as ... It is , however , clear that in order to have any real meaning the ... 1.35 74 % 1.72 82 % 1.66 Page 61981 1982 1983 1984 1986... Of Mexico as an that an LPAR does not mean that they not! 340... whose intensity was mild ( mean exploitation rate was 6.5 per! 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